Ebiyungo by’ekikomo–aluminiyamu bikozesebwa nnyo mu nkola z’okutereka amaanyi, mmotoka ez’amasannyalaze, bbaatule, n’ebitundu ebigaba amaanyi. Ekikomo kiwa amasannyalaze amalungi ennyo, ate aluminiyamu akuwa obuzito obutono n’enkizo ku ssente. N’olwekyo okugatta ebintu bino ebibiri kifuuse eky’okugonjoola eky’omutindo mu bbaasi za bbaatule, tabu, n’ebiyungo ebitereka amaanyi.
Ebyuma ebiweta ebifo ebifulumya capacitorzitera okukozesebwa okugatta ekikomo–aluminiyamu kubanga zisobola okutuusa akasannyalazo akangi ennyo mu kiseera ekitono ennyo, ekivaamu okubuguma okw’omu kitundu n’ekitundu ekitono ennyo ekikosebwa ebbugumu-. Wadde nga waliwo ebirungi bino, abakola ebintu bangi bakyasanga ensonga ng’okufuumuuka okuyitiridde, okuddugala ku ngulu kwa weld, n’omutindo gwa weld ogutakwatagana.
Ebizibu bino tebikoma ku kukosa ndabika ya bikozesebwa wabula biyinza n’okukendeeza ku butambuzi bw’amasannyalaze, okunafuya amaanyi g’ebyuma, n’okukosa obwesigwa obw’ekiseera ekiwanvu-. Mu mbeera ezisinga obungi ez’okufulumya ebintu ebya nnamaddala, obulema ng’obwo tebutera kuva ku nsonga emu. Wabula, zitera okuva ku bikolwa ebigatta eby’ebipimo by’okuweta, embeera z’ebintu, omulimu gw’obusannyalazo, okukwatagana kw’ebyuma, n’embeera y’emirimu.
Ebitundu bino wammanga byekenneenya ebikulu bitaano ebivaako okufuumuuka okuyitiridde n’okukyusa langi ya weld muokuweta ekikomo–aluminiyamuera n’okuwa ebiteeso eby’omugaso ebiyinza okukozesebwa butereevu mu mbeera z’okufulumya.
Obutakwatagana mu bipimo by’amasoboza g’okuweta
Mu kuweta ekikomo–aluminiyamu, okufuga amasoboza kye kimu ku bintu ebikulu ebikosa byombi okutondebwa kw’okufuumuuka n’okukyusa langi ya weld. Ekikomo kirina obutambuzi bw’ebbugumu obw’amaanyi ennyo okusinga aluminiyamu, ate aluminiyamu alina ekifo ekitono ennyo eky’okusaanuuka (nga 660℃). Singa amasoboza agayingizibwa tegafugibwa bulungi, okubuguma okusukkiridde mu kitundu kuyinza okwanguyirwa okubaawo, ekivaamu okufuumuuka okw’amaanyi n’okufuumuuka.
1.Amasoboza ag’okufulumya agayitiridde oba Current
Amasoboza ag’okufulumya oba akasannyalazo ak’oku ntikko (peak current) ga capacitor discharge welder bwe gateekebwa waggulu ennyo, ebbugumu lya weld zone lirinnya mangu nnyo. Aluminiyamu atera okusaanuuka amangu okusinga ekikomo, ate ekikomo mu kiseera kye kimu kisaasaanya ebbugumu mu bitundu ebiriraanyewo. Obutakwatagana buno buleeta ekidiba ekisaanuuse ekitali kinywevu, ekivaako ekyuma ekisaanuuse okugobwa wansi wa puleesa, ekivaamu okufuumuuka okulabika.
Mu kiseera kye kimu, ebbugumu erigulumivu lyanguya ensengekera z’okwokya (oxidation reactions) ku nsengekera y’ekikomo–aluminiyamu, ekivaako okukyusa langi enzirugavu oba enzirugavu ku ngulu wa weld.
Ennyiriri ezimanyiddwa ennyo ez’okugatta obuwanvu bw’ekikomo–aluminiyamu eza bulijjo ziragiddwa wansi:
| Obugumu bw’ebintu | Amaanyi agasemba | Entikko ya Current | Obudde bwa Weld obwa bulijjo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5mm Cu + 0.5mm Al | 3000–4500 J | 25–35 kA | 3–8 ms |
| 1.0mm Cu + 1.0mm Al | 4500–6500 J | 35–50 kA | 6–12 ms |
| 1.5mm Cu + 1.5mm Al | 6500–8000 J | 45–60 kA | 8–20 ms |
Mu kukola, kirungi okutandika n’amasoboza amatono n’ogayongera mpolampola ng’oyita mu kugezesa okuweta okusinga okukola ennongoosereza ennene mu mutendera gumu.
2.Obudde bw'okufulumya amazzi obusukkiridde
Newankubadde nga capacitor discharge welding etera okuzingiramu ebiseera ebitono ennyo eby’okuweta, obudde bw’okufulumya obwongezeddwa mu ngeri etali ntuufu bukyayinza okuvaako okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’ebbugumu erisukkiridde. Bwe wabaawo ensengekera ya weld esigala ku bbugumu erya waggulu okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu ennyo, ekitundu ekisaanuuse kigaziwa nnyo era okubuguma okusukkiridde kuyinza okubaawo.
Embeera eno eyongera ku mikisa gy’okutondebwa kw’amazzi agafuumuuka era n’eyanguya okuwunyiriza, ekivaamu ebifo bya weld ebiddugavu.
Mu nkola ezisinga ez’ekikomo–aluminiyamu, aenkola ya waggulu-mu kiseera kino, ey'ekiseera ekitono-esinga kwettanirwa kubanga efulumya ekikuta kya weld ekinywevu ate nga kikendeeza ku bbugumu eriyingizibwa mu ngeri eteetaagisa.
3.Uneven Energy Output oba Amayengo agatali ga bulijjo
Singa ekifulumizibwa mu masannyalaze kifuuka ekitali kinywevu olw’okukaddiwa kwa capacitor oba okuvunda kw’enkola y’okufuga, enkula y’amayengo ya kasasiro eyinza okukyukakyuka mu kiseera ky’okuweta. Obutabeera mu ntebenkevu buno buleeta okusaasaana kw’ebbugumu okutali kwa bwenkanya mu kitundu kya weld.
N’ekyavaamu, ebitundu ebimu biyinza okufuna okuyungibwa okutamala ate ebirala ne bibuguma nnyo, ekivaako byombi okufuumuuka n’okutabula langi ya weld.
Mu mbeera z’okufulumya obungi-obunene, okukendeeza ku busobozi bwa capacitor okusukka nga 10% kuyinza okukosa ennyo obutakyukakyuka bwa weld. Okukebera buli kiseera omulimu gwa capacitor n’okutebenkera kw’amayengo agafuluma n’olwekyo kirungi.
Okuteekateeka kungulu okutali kwa kimala ku kikomo ne Aluminiyamu
Mu mbeera nnyingi ez’okufulumya, obulema mu weld tebuva ku buzibu bw’ebyuma wabula okuteekateeka obubi kungulu. Ebitundu by’ekikomo ne aluminiyamu mu butonde bikola layeri za okisayidi nga bitunudde mu mpewo, era singa layeri zino teziggyibwamu bulungi, okuweta okunywevu kufuuka kuzibu ne bwe wabaawo ebyuma eby’omulembe.
1.Okuggyawo Oxide Layers mu ngeri etajjuvu
Ekikomo ne aluminiyamu byombi bikola firimu za okisayidi mu bwangu mu mpewo. Aluminiyamu okisayidi, naddala, erina ekifo ky’okusaanuuka nga 2050℃, nga kino kisinga nnyo ekya aluminiyamu yennyini.
Mu kiseera ky’okuweta, layeri ya okisayidi tesaanuuka mangu era mu kifo ky’ekyo eremesa okutambula kwa kasasiro. Okuziyiza kuno kuleeta localized arcing, ekivaamu okufuumuuka era ne kiyamba mu kuddugala kw’okungulu kwa weld.
Enkola z’okuyonja mu byuma nga okusiimuula mu ngeri ey’okusiiga oba okusiimuula ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse-zitera okusemba. Obudde wakati w’okuyonja n’okuweta mu ngeri ennungi bulina okukoma ku ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa nnya okukendeeza ku re-oxidation.
2.Amafuta agasigaddewo, Enfuufu, oba Ebicaafu
Mu kiseera ky’okukuba ebyuma, okutereka oba okukwata, ebikomo ne aluminiyamu bitera okukuŋŋaanya amazzi agasala, ebisiiga oba obucaafu obubeera mu mpewo. Singa ebintu bino bisigala ku ngulu, biyinza okwokya oba okufuuka kaboni nga biweta.
Enkola eno esobola okuvaamu ebisigadde ebiddugavu n’obutuli bwa ggaasi, ekivaako okukyusa langi okulabika n’okukendeeza okuyinza okubaawo mu kutambuza amasannyalaze.
Okwoza n’omwenge ogw’amakolero oba acetone nga tonnaba kuweta kirungi nnyo okukakasa nti embeera y’okungulu ekwatagana.
3.Obugumu bw’okungulu obutasaana
Obukaluba bw’okungulu bukola kinene mu kulaba ng’amasannyalaze gakwatagana bulungi. Ebifo ebisukkiridde ebikalu bitera okutega obutundutundu bwa okisayidi n’obucaafu, ate ebifo ebisukkiridde ebiseeneekerevu biyinza okukendeeza ku kifo ekikola obulungi eky’okukwatagana.
Embeera zombi ziyinza okuvaako okusaasaana kwa kasasiro okutali kwenkanankana n’okubuguma okusukkiridde mu kitundu.
Mu nkola ezisinga obungi ez’okuweta ekikomo–aluminiyamu, a surface roughness range ofRa 0.8–1.6 μmkitwalibwa ng’ekisaanidde.
Ensonga z’Ensengekera ya Busannyalazo
Enkola ya electrode ekola emirimu ebiri mu welding nga etambuza current n’okukozesa amaanyi ag’ebyuma. Okukyama kwonna mu mbeera ya electrode kuyinza okukosa ennyo okutebenkera kwa weld.
1.Incompatible Electrode Ebintu oba Okwambala okuyitiridde
Okulonda ebintu ebitali bituufu eby’obusannyalazo oba okukozesa okumala ebbanga nga toddaabiriza kiyinza okuvaamu okwambala oba okukyukakyuka kw’obusannyalazo. Enkyukakyuka zino zikyusa ensaasaanya ya density ya kasasiro era ziyinza okuvaako okubuguma okusukkiridde mu kitundu.
Ebintu ebitera okukozesebwa mu electrode mulimu:
| Ebintu Ebikozesebwa mu Busannyalazo | Obubonero | Enkozesa eya bulijjo |
|---|---|---|
| CuCrZr | Obutambuzi bwa waggulu n’okuziyiza okwambala | Okuweta ekikomo–aluminiyamu okwa bulijjo |
| WCu | Okugumira ebbugumu erya waggulu-kirungi nnyo | Okuweta amaanyi amangi- |
| Ekikomo Ekirongoofu | Obutambuzi bwa waggulu naye nga buwangaala butono | Okusaba kw'emirimu egy'ekitangaala- |
Electrodes mu bujjuvu zirina okwekebejjebwa buli3000–5000 enzirukanya y’okuweta, okusinziira ku bungi bw’ebintu ebikolebwa.
2.Amaanyi ga Electrode agatamala oba agatali ga bwenkanya
Amaanyi g’obusannyalazo bwe gatamala, ebituli ebitonotono biyinza okubaawo wakati w’ebintu ebikolebwa. Mu kiseera ky’okufulumya, ebituli bino biyinza okuleeta arcing, ekivaako okutondebwa kw’okufuukuuka okw’amaanyi.
Mu kiseera kye kimu, okukwatagana obubi kwongera ku buziyiza mu kitundu, ekyanguya ebbugumu erisukkiridde era ne kitumbula okukyusa langi ya weld.
Ku nkola ezisinga ez’ekikomo–aluminiyamu, empalirizo y’obusannyalazo etera okugwa mu bbanga lya200–600 N, okusinziira ku buwanvu bw’ebintu.
3.Poor Electrode Cooling oba Obucaafu ku ngulu
Singa enkola y’okunyogoza eremererwa okukuuma ebbugumu erimala, ebbugumu lya electrode lyeyongera mpolampola. Embeera eno eyongera ku bulabe bw’okunywerera n’okunywerera kw’ekyuma ku ngulu w’obusannyalazo.
Mu kiseera ky’okuweta oluvannyuma, ebisigadde bino biyinza okwokya ne bikola ebifo bya kaboni, ekivaako okukyusa langi ya weld.
Embeera z’okunyogoza ezisemba mulimu:
- Ebbugumu ly’amazzi aganyogoza: diguli 20–30
- Omuwendo gw’amazzi aganyogoza agakulukuta: Gusinga oba gwenkana 4 L/min
Obutakwatagana Wakati w’Enkola n’Ebyuma
Ne bwe kiba nti parameters zitereezeddwa bulungi, obulema mu weld buyinza okuba nga bukyabaawo singa dizayini y’ebyuma tekwatagana na byetaago by’okukozesa.
1.Ekitundu oba Enkula etali ntuufu Electrode Contact
Singa geometry ya electrode tekwatagana na design ya workpiece, engabanya ya current efuuka uneven. Ebifo ebinene ennyo ebikwatagana bikendeeza ku density ya kasasiro, ate ebifo ebitono ennyo ebikwatagana byongera ku bulabe bw’okubuguma okusukkiridde mu kitundu.
N’olwekyo dizayini entuufu ey’obusannyalazo erina okusinziira ku buwanvu bw’ebintu n’obunene bwa weld obwetaagisa.
2.Obutaba na buyambi bwa Shielding Gas
Mu nkola ezeetaaga omutindo gwa waggulu ogw’okungulu, okubeera mu okisigyeni mu kiseera ky’okuweta kiyinza okwanguya enkola z’okwokya (oxidation reactions).
Okunoonyereza kulaga nti okukozesa ggaasi akuuma argon kiyinza okukendeeza ku weld surface oxidation by approximately30–50%, ekivaamu okulongoosa endabika n’obutakyukakyuka.
3.Ebyuma Okukaddiwa oba Component Failure
Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, ebitundu nga capacitors, control modules, ne cooling systems biyinza okuvunda. Okwonooneka kuno kukendeeza ku kutebenkera kw’enkola okutwalira awamu.
Ebyuma ebibadde bikola okumala...Emyaka 3–5balina okwekebejjebwa mu ngeri entegeke okwekenneenya enkola y’emirimu.
Ensonga z’emirimu n’obutonde bw’ensi
Ebirabika ng’ebitonotono ebikwata ku nkola nabyo bisobola okukosa ennyo omutindo gwa weld.
1.Poor Workpiece Alignment oba Ebituli
Singa ebitundu by’ekikomo ne aluminiyamu tebikwatagana bulungi, okusiba kw’amasannyalaze kuyinza okubaawo mu kiseera ky’okufulumya, ekivaamu okufuumuuka okw’amaanyi n’okubuguma okusukkiridde mu kitundu.
Okukakasa nti fit-up entuufu nga tonnaba kuweta kyetaagisa.
2.Embeera y'ebbugumu oba obunnyogovu obutali bwa bulijjo
Embeera z’obunnyogovu obungi zitumbula okusikiriza kw’obunnyogovu ku ngulu w’ebintu, okwanguya okuwunyiriza.
Embeera z’obutonde ezisemba mulimu:
- Ebbugumu: diguli 15–30
- Obunnyogovu: 40%–70%
3.Obutaba na Ndabirira ya Electrode eya bulijjo
Mu mbeera z’okufulumya ezitasalako, okulemererwa okulabirira obusannyalazo kuyinza okukendeeza mpolampola omulimu gw’okuweta.
Enteekateeka z’okukebera bulijjo, okuyonja buli lunaku, n’okukyusa ebitundu ebyambala buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera kirungi nnyo.
Ebibuuzo ebibuuzibwa
Q: Kiki ekirina okusooka okukeberebwa ng’okufuumuula kususse?
A: Ensengeka z’amasoboza zirina okusooka okwekenneenyezebwa naddala amasoboza ag’okufulumya n’obudde bw’okuweta, kubanga ebbugumu erisusse okuyingizibwa kye kimu ku bisinga okuvaako.
Q: Bulijjo okukyuka kwa langi ya weld kulaga nti weld eremereddwa?
A: Si kituufu, naye okukyusa langi okw’amaanyi kutera okulaga oxidation esukkiridde era kuyinza okukosa okwesigamizibwa okw’ekiseera ekiwanvu-.
Q: Emirundi emeka egy’obusannyalazo (electrodes) gye zirina okukuumibwa?
A: Okukebera kitera okusemba buli...3000–5000 enzirukanya y’okuweta, okusinziira ku mbeera y’okufulumya.
Q: Lwaki parameters ezifaanagana zivaamu ebivaamu eby’enjawulo?
A: Enjawulo mu mbeera y’okungulu, okwambala kw’ebyuma, n’obunnyogovu bw’obutonde bisobola okukosa ennyo omulimu gw’okuweta.
Mu bufunzi
Okukendeeza ku kufuumuuka n’okuziyiza okukyusa langi ya weld mu kuweta ekikomo–aluminiyamu kyetaagisa enkola entegeke okusinga okutereeza okwawuddwamu. Ebiva mu kuweta ebinywevu bisinziira ku bipimo by’amasoboza ebikwatagana, okuteekateeka obulungi kungulu, omulimu ogw’obusannyalazo ogwesigika, ensengeka y’ebyuma entuufu, n’embeera z’emirimu ezifugibwa.
Mu mbeera z’amakolero ez’omugaso, okufuga enkola okutambula obulungi nga kugatta wamu n’okuddaabiriza okwa bulijjo kulongoosa nnyo omutindo gwa weld era kukendeeza ku nkyukakyuka mu kukola. Ekirala, okulonda ebyuma ebifuga amasoboza amatuufu, enkola ennungi ez’okunyogoza, n’okukola kw’ebyuma okunywevu kikola kinene mu kutuuka ku biyungo ebyesigika eby’ekikomo–aluminiyamu.
Ku makolero nga okutereka amaanyi, okukola bbaatule, n’emmotoka ez’amasannyalaze, okutebenkera kwa weld si nsonga ya ndabika yokka wabula era nsonga nkulu nnyo ekwata ku nkola y’amasannyalaze n’obukuumi bw’emirimu egy’ekiseera ekiwanvu-. Okulongoosa enkola obutasalako n’enkola z’okuddaabiriza mu ngeri ey’empisa bisigala nga byetaagisa okutuuka ku byombi ebivaamu eby’amaanyi n’omutindo gw’ebintu ogwesigika.
